A literacy tutor is taught to connect with adult students by pointing out common beliefs. So when I first met Renzhen, a 30-something Chinese woman, I told her, hand on heart, how stirred I was by the spirit of the 1989 Tiananmen Square uprising. She cocked her head at me and blurted: ”Why? That guy who fight the tank – he totally crazy!” She then twirled an index finger around her temple, her way of saying ”Duh.” Hardly a ”Miracle Worker” moment. But it was typical of my experiences with Renzhen, a former university math instructor who came to the United States in 1991 believing (wrongly) that she would find a better teaching job. My reasons for becoming a tutor combined Pollyanna-ish social activism with too much free time. Her motivation was a more prosaic desire to pass the English-proficiency exam and a nagging suspicion that she was getting shortchanged in stores. After two years, our sessions have cured her of calling men ”she,” and I have been cured of something as well – my sometimes sentimental notions about what this country means to newcomers.

As a literacy volunteer, I’m often asked to interpret America for immigrant adults, to explain our confounding idioms, politics, bland customs and television talk shows. Usually they’re reverent about the United States and the salvation it can offer, but Renzhen remains unconvinced, an attitude I find as appealing as it is irritating.

”Who you want to win?” she asked just before the last Presidential election. I told her I was voting for Clinton. ”You can vote?” she shrieked, astonished. I started to explain that, yes, every adult citizen enjoys this right, but she interrupted. ”Choices aren’t that different.”

”Sure, but —-.”

”Sound like China,” she said, dismissing democracy with a wave and a laugh.

In China, Renzhen and her husband held advanced degress and lived in a comfortable apartment. Now they and their two children live in a one-bedroom with orange shag carpet and thin walls. Every day until her second child arrived, Renzhen put on a threadbare wool coat and shuffled off to her waitress job wearing a badge that said, ”Hi, my name is JENNY.” Once, I asked her a question from a lesson book: ”How would a stranger describe you?”

”In China, as quality person,” she answered. ”If you look at me here, you think I’m poor.”

Renzhen doesn’t quite work as a victim, though. She’s too prickly for that. She rails against Americans’ materialism and then spends $25 for lipstick to secure the ”bonus” mirrored compact. She’s delighted to learn that her daughter’s education is free and then outraged that American fifth graders don’t study calculus. Recently I brought her a newspaper article about foreign-born professionals who are making the difficult adjustment to life here. Instead of empathizing, she smiled sweetly and said: ”Seem like there is too many Mexicans here. This I believe so.”

Whether she will remain here is an open question. Her husband says it would be a loss of face to return to China. When Renzhen gets letters from friends and family back home, she lets them sit for months before she finally throws them out. ”What do I say?” she asks me. ”They say we are foolish leaving China. They are right.”

She makes such comments with great cheer, shrugging lightly, but her thoughts sometimes weigh her down. Once, I spotted her struggling down the street with two heavy shopping bags, her permed black hair – an unfortunate result of her husband’s suggestion that she try to look ”Western” – kinking in the Portland mist. I shouted and ran after her for two full blocks before I got her attention.

”Oh, I am so far away,” she said, startled. ”Long ways.”

Before Renzhen gave birth to her second child, we put aside the grammarbooks to focus on Basic American Patient with a vocabulary list that included ”episiotomy” and ”gimme the epidural!” We laughed over those lessons, Renzhen aping the hysterics of a delivering mother. We also had more serious discussions, about what she could expect for her child in this country, and what was expected for her – a Chinese woman about to be the mother of an American.

”Seems like I can’t go back,” she said one day. ”Now I must be living an American.” Was she scared? She whirled a finger by her temple. I didn’t have to ask what that meant.